This course provides comprehensive knowledge of the fundamental principles of cybersecurity and penetration testing, with an emphasis on industrial environments and the convergence of IT and OT systems in the context of Industry 4.0/5.0. Students become familiar with vulnerabilities and threats in networks, IoT devices, artificial intelligence, and cyber-physical systems, as well as with the ethical, legal, and regulatory dimensions of security. At the same time, they acquire practical skills in using security analysis and assessment tools, applying penetration testing techniques to industrial systems, and developing strategies for protecting against and responding to cyber threats.